Book Review: Behind Bars in Byculla: My Days in Prison

 

A Book That Takes You Beyond the Headlines

A Book Review by Dr. Jinali Patel

Book: Behind Bars in Byculla: My Days in Prison
Author: Jigna Vora
Publisher: Ebury Press, Penguin Random House India
Published: 2019

About the Book

Behind Bars in Byculla is a powerful and deeply personal account by journalist Jigna Vora, who was arrested in connection with the 2011 murder of fellow journalist Jyotirmoy Dey. After spending years facing the legal proceedings, she was acquitted of all charges. In this memoir, Vora recounts her experience of incarceration, the challenges of prison life, and the emotional toll of being caught in a high-profile case.

The book offers a glimpse into the realities of the Indian prison system, revealing the complex relationships, power dynamics, social hierarchies, and struggles for dignity that exist behind prison walls.

Some books entertain us, some educate us, and some leave us questioning our own assumptions. Jigna Vora’s Behind Bars in Byculla: My Days in Prison belongs to the third category.

In this memoir, Vora recounts her experience of imprisonment following her arrest in connection with the murder of journalist Jyotirmoy Dey. She describes the challenges of prison life and the emotional, social, and professional consequences of being caught in a high-profile criminal case. She was acquitted of the charges in 2018.

What makes this book compelling is not merely the story of a journalist’s time behind bars, but the questions it raises about justice, public judgement, media responsibility, and human dignity.

Lines That Made Me Pause and Reflect

The following are my reflections on the book’s themes, not direct quotations from the author.

1. “A headline tells a story, but it may not tell the whole truth.”

My reflection: As I read this book, I was reminded of how quickly we form opinions after reading a news report or seeing a social media post. We often accept the first version of a story without waiting for evidence or understanding the wider context.

As an educator, I believe this is an important lesson for students. Reading should not simply mean accepting information; it should mean questioning it, examining its sources, and thinking critically. This book encourages us to look beyond headlines and recognise the difference between an allegation and an established fact.

2. “The loss of freedom is not always the only punishment; public judgement can follow a person long afterwards.”

My reflection: One of the most unsettling aspects of this narrative is the lasting impact that a criminal case can have on a person’s identity, relationships, and professional life. Even when legal proceedings conclude, social perceptions may take much longer to change.

This made me reflect on how easily society labels people without understanding their circumstances. I feel that we need to become more careful with our words and judgements. A person's life is far more complex than a label, a rumour, or a news story.

3. “Behind every legal case is a human story.”

My reflection: This is the thought I carried with me while reading the book. Legal cases are often discussed through evidence, arguments, and verdicts, but the human experiences surrounding them can receive less attention.

Vora’s account encouraged me to consider the emotional and social consequences of imprisonment. It reminded me that empathy does not require us to ignore facts or legal processes. Rather, empathy asks us to recognise human dignity while remaining committed to fairness and evidence.

4. “Critical thinking begins when we stop accepting the easiest explanation.”

My reflection: As a teacher of English and Communication Skills, I found this lesson especially relevant. Students encounter information every day through newspapers, digital platforms, videos, and social media. They need the ability to distinguish fact from opinion, identify bias, and consider different perspectives.

This book can serve as a starting point for discussions on media literacy, ethical communication, justice, and responsible citizenship. It reminds me that education should prepare students not only to communicate effectively but also to think independently.

Why Should Students Read This Book?

I would recommend this book to students interested in journalism, law, media studies, human rights, and contemporary Indian society.

• For critical thinking: It encourages readers to examine narratives rather than accept them unquestioningly.

• For media literacy: It highlights the importance of responsible reporting and careful interpretation of news.

• For empathy: It invites readers to consider the human consequences of imprisonment and public scrutiny.

• For ethical communication: It reminds us that words and public narratives can have serious consequences.

• For social awareness: It opens discussions about the justice system, dignity, and the treatment of people facing criminal proceedings.

Jinali’s Learning: What I Took Away as an Educator

After reading Behind Bars in Byculla, I felt that the book’s greatest value lies in the questions it leaves with the reader. It made me reflect on how readily we judge others, how strongly public narratives can shape perceptions, and how important it is to pause before reaching conclusions.

My most significant learning is that being informed is not the same as understanding. We may know the details of a case and still fail to appreciate its human dimensions. We may read a headline and believe we understand a person’s story, when in reality we have encountered only one part of it.

As an educator, I want my students to develop the habit of reading with curiosity, questioning with responsibility, and responding with empathy. I want them to understand that critical thinking is not about opposing every idea; it is about examining information carefully before accepting or rejecting it.

This book also reminded me that communication carries responsibility. Whether we speak in a classroom, write an article, or share a post online, our words can influence how others are perceived. Therefore, accuracy, fairness, and sensitivity must remain central to our communication.

My Final Reflection: A Book Worth Reading

I would encourage readers to pick up Behind Bars in Byculla not simply to learn about one journalist’s prison experience, but to reflect on the relationship between truth, justice, public opinion, and human dignity.

For me, the book is a reminder to look beyond the obvious, question what appears certain, and remember the person behind the public story.

Sometimes, the most meaningful books do not give us easy answers. They teach us to ask better questions.

And that, to me, is the real purpose of reading beyond the textbook.

— Dr. Jinali Patel
Beyond the Textbook | Books • Ideas • Better Classrooms

My Key Takeaway

As an educator, I believe Behind Bars in Byculla reminds us that every headline represents a human story. The book encourages students to read critically, question assumptions, and approach complex social issues with empathy and responsibility. It reinforces the importance of fairness, ethical communication, and the need to look beyond appearances before forming judgements.

— Dr. Jinali Patel
Beyond the Textbook | Books • Ideas • Better Classrooms

Book Review: In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics

Reading Literature through the Lenses of Feminism, Culture, and Power

Author: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Publisher: Routledge
First Published: 1987
Genre: Literary Criticism, Feminist Theory, and Postcolonial Studies

Understanding the Book

In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics is a significant contribution to literary criticism and cultural theory. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak examines the complex relationships between literature, language, gender, culture, and power. Drawing on feminist criticism, Marxism, and deconstruction, she challenges readers to question established interpretations and explore whose perspectives are represented or marginalised in literary and cultural narratives.

The book is divided into three sections: Literature, Into the World, and Entering the Third World. Spivak critically engages with writers such as Dante, William Wordsworth, Virginia Woolf, and Mahasweta Devi. Her discussions of Mahasweta Devi's Draupadi and Breast-Giver particularly highlight the experiences of marginalised women and the relationship between gender, social structures, and power.

What I Learned

The most significant lesson I gained from this book is that literature should not be read merely as a story or an aesthetic creation; it should also be examined as a reflection of social realities, cultural assumptions, and power relationships.

The book encourages critical thinking, questioning dominant narratives, recognising marginalised voices, and understanding how gender and culture influence interpretation.

Relevance to Students

For students of English literature, the book develops critical reading, interpretative skills, and awareness of feminist and postcolonial perspectives. Educators can use its ideas to encourage classroom discussions, comparative literary analysis, and reflective writing.

Jinali's Learning: Relevance for Students

As an educator, I learned that teaching literature involves encouraging students to question, interpret, and think independently rather than simply accept established meanings.

• Critical Thinking: Encourages students to question established ideas and interpret literary texts from different perspectives.
• Feminist Awareness: Helps students understand gender inequality and women's representation in literature.
• Postcolonial Understanding: Develops awareness of cultural identity, colonial power, and marginalised voices.
• Analytical Reading: Enables students to explore deeper meanings, assumptions, and power structures within texts.
• Empathy and Inclusivity: Encourages respect for diverse experiences, cultures, and perspectives.
• Independent Interpretation: Motivates students to develop their own arguments and support them with textual evidence.

My Key Learning: As an educator, I believe that Spivak's work encourages students to move beyond literal meanings, question dominant narratives, and develop critical, inclusive, and independent perspectives on literature and society.

 Literature becomes transformative when readers move beyond the text to examine whose voices are heard, whose experiences are represented, and whose stories remain unheard.

— Dr. Jinali Patel
Assistant Professor of English and Communication Skills

A Milestone in My Academic Journey: ELTAI Annual Conference Fellowship 2026

Celebrating Research, Innovation, and Professional Growth in English Language Teaching

Some academic milestones celebrate not only what we have achieved but also how far our learning journey has taken us.

I am delighted and deeply honoured to have received the ELTAI Annual Conference Fellowship (ACF) 2026 at the 20th International and 56th Annual Conference of the English Language Teachers’ Association of India (ELTAI), held from 7 to 10 October 2026 at MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune.

Receiving this fellowship on 7 October 2026 during the conference inauguration was a memorable moment in my academic journey. This recognition has encouraged me to continue exploring innovative pedagogical practices, engaging in classroom-based research, and contributing meaningfully to English language teaching.

As an Assistant Professor of English and Communication Skills at Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gujarat, I believe that teaching is a continuous process of learning, experimentation, reflection, and growth.

From Classroom Practice to Research: My ELTAI Fellowship Journey

One of the most meaningful aspects of this achievement is its connection with my classroom-based research.

I presented my research paper, “Rules to Real Use: Gamification for Enhancing Grammatical Accuracy in Undergraduate Academic Writing.”

The study explores how gamification and writing portfolios can support the development of subject–verb agreement accuracy in undergraduate academic writing.

The research emerged from a fundamental pedagogical question: How can we help students move beyond memorising grammatical rules towards applying them accurately in their writing?

By integrating gamified learning activities, error awareness, and writing portfolios, I explored a more engaging and reflective approach to grammar instruction. The process encouraged me to examine students' writing, analyse patterns of grammatical errors, and reflect on the effectiveness of classroom interventions.

This research journey also strengthened my understanding of the importance of systematic data analysis, evidence-based teaching, and reflective practice.

For me, the greatest value of classroom research lies in its ability to transform everyday teaching experiences into opportunities for meaningful pedagogical improvement.

An Opportunity to Serve as a Session Chairperson

Another significant dimension of my participation was the opportunity to serve as a session chairperson at the conference.

Chairing an academic session provided an opportunity to engage with diverse research perspectives, facilitate scholarly discussions, and interact with educators and researchers exploring emerging directions in English language teaching.

The presentations addressed contemporary themes such as learner autonomy, translanguaging, communicative pedagogy, and human–AI collaboration in English language education.

These discussions reinforced my belief that the future of English language teaching depends on our willingness to question established practices, embrace new perspectives, and respond thoughtfully to the changing needs of learners.

Serving as a session chairperson was a valuable professional learning experience that strengthened my appreciation of academic dialogue, research dissemination, and collaborative knowledge-building.

Four Days of Academic Exchange and Intellectual Growth

The four-day conference offered opportunities to connect with educators, researchers, and academic professionals committed to advancing English language teaching.

The experience encouraged me to reflect on several important questions:

• How can technology meaningfully enhance language learning?

• How can classroom-based research inform teaching decisions?

• How can gamification make learning more engaging without compromising academic rigour?

• How can educators prepare students for a world increasingly influenced by artificial intelligence?

• How can professional collaboration strengthen teaching and research?

These questions remain relevant to my continuing work in English and Communication Skills education.

The conference also reminded me that professional development extends beyond attending academic events. It involves listening to diverse perspectives, examining our assumptions, sharing our experiences, and returning to our classrooms with renewed purpose.

My Key Learnings

This experience has contributed to my professional growth in several ways:

1. Research Begins in the Classroom: Everyday teaching challenges can become valuable research questions when examined systematically.

2. Innovation Must Be Evidence-Based: New teaching methods become meaningful when their effectiveness is evaluated through student learning and reflective analysis.

3. Academic Leadership Is a Responsibility: Serving as a session chairperson reinforced the importance of facilitating scholarly dialogue and respecting diverse research perspectives.

4. Collaboration Enriches Learning: Interactions with fellow educators and researchers provide fresh insights and encourage professional growth.

5. Teaching and Research Must Complement Each Other: Classroom experiences can inform research, while research findings can help improve teaching practices.

6. Continuous Learning Keeps Educators Relevant: Emerging technologies, changing learner needs, and new pedagogical approaches require educators to remain reflective, adaptable, and professionally engaged.

Gratitude and Acknowledgement

I receive the ELTAI Annual Conference Fellowship with gratitude and humility. This recognition is both an encouragement and a reminder of the responsibility to continue learning, researching, and contributing to the academic community.

I am grateful to ELTAI for this opportunity and to the conference organisers at MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, for bringing together educators and researchers for meaningful academic exchange.

I also extend my sincere gratitude to Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya and SVKM for being an important part of my professional journey.

I remain thankful to my mentors, colleagues, and academic well-wishers whose encouragement and guidance continue to inspire my work.

Looking Ahead: Continuing the Journey

Receiving the ELTAI Annual Conference Fellowship, presenting my classroom-based research, and serving as a session chairperson have made this conference a significant milestone in my academic journey.

However, I view this achievement not as a destination but as motivation to explore further possibilities in research, innovative teaching, and academic collaboration.

As an educator, I aspire to continue developing learning experiences that connect theory with practice, integrate technology thoughtfully, and empower students to become confident and independent learners.

I hope to carry the insights gained from this experience into my classroom, research, and future academic engagements.

My Reflection

Recognition encourages us, research challenges us, and reflection helps us grow. The true value of an academic achievement lies not only in the honour received but also in the knowledge we gain and the difference we make through our work.

I look forward to continuing this journey of learning, teaching, researching, and contributing to the evolving landscape of English language education.

— Dr. Jinali Patel
Assistant Professor of English and Communication Skills
Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gujarat

#ELTAI2026 #ELTAI #AcademicAchievement #EnglishLanguageTeaching #ClassroomBasedResearch #Gamification #HigherEducation #KadiSarvaVishwavidyalaya

Beyond the Textbook: A Review of Jeevan Kaushal 2.0- UGC

Building Life Skills for Personal Growth, Professional Success, and Responsible Citizenship

Manual: Curriculum and Guidelines for Life Skills (Jeevan Kaushal) 2.0
Published by: University Grants Commission (UGC), India
Publication Date: August 2023
Focus: Life Skills, Communication, Professional Development, Leadership, and Universal Human Values

Understanding the Manual

The University Grants Commission's Jeevan Kaushal 2.0 is a comprehensive educational framework designed to develop essential life skills among undergraduate students. In alignment with NEP 2020, it encourages higher education institutions to move beyond conventional classroom teaching and prepare learners for personal, social, and professional challenges.

The manual is organised into four major areas: Communication Skills, Professional Skills, Leadership and Management Skills, and Universal Human Values. Its 33 modules address listening, speaking, reading, writing, digital literacy, résumé preparation, interviews, group discussions, teamwork, leadership, entrepreneurship, ethics, financial management, and constitutional values.

Key Learnings from the Manual

As an English and Communication Skills educator, I particularly appreciate the manual's emphasis on learning through practice. Activities such as role-playing, presentations, case studies, group work, demonstrations, and digital learning resources encourage students to apply knowledge in realistic situations.

My key learnings are:

• Communication Builds Confidence: Effective listening, speaking, reading, writing, and non-verbal communication are essential for academic and professional success.

• Employability Requires Practical Skills: Résumé writing, interviews, group discussions, and presentation skills help students prepare for workplace expectations.

• Leadership Begins with Responsibility: Teamwork, decision-making, innovation, and ethical conduct contribute to effective leadership.

• Digital Citizenship Matters: Digital literacy, cyber security, and digital ethics are essential in today's technology-driven world.

• Values Shape Character: Empathy, truth, peace, non-violence, justice, and integrity strengthen personal development and responsible citizenship.

Relevance to Teaching and Learning

The manual offers educators a practical foundation for designing interactive, learner-centred classrooms. Its activities can be adapted to different disciplines and institutional contexts, allowing students to learn by doing rather than relying exclusively on theoretical instruction.

For Communication Skills teachers, it provides valuable opportunities to integrate role-plays, mock interviews, group discussions, reflective writing, collaborative projects, and technology-supported activities into everyday teaching.

Jinali's Learning: Beyond the Curriculum

My key takeaway from Jeevan Kaushal 2.0 is that education becomes truly meaningful when knowledge is translated into skills, values, and responsible action.

As educators, we must help students communicate confidently, think critically, collaborate effectively, adapt to change, and make ethical decisions. I believe that integrating practical activities, digital tools, reflection, and real-world tasks can make communication skills education more engaging and career-oriented.

The manual reinforces my commitment to creating learning experiences that connect classroom knowledge with students' personal aspirations and professional goals.

Conclusion

Jeevan Kaushal 2.0 is more than a curriculum guideline; it is a framework for holistic student development. Its greatest strength lies in recognising that academic qualifications alone cannot prepare learners for every challenge of life.

By integrating communication, employability, leadership, and human values into higher education, institutions can help students become confident professionals, responsible citizens, and lifelong learners.

Jinali’s Learning: Alignment with NEP 2020 and Professional Communication

• Holistic Education: Aligns with NEP 2020 by integrating academic knowledge, life skills, values, and personal development.
• Experiential Learning: Encourages role-plays, presentations, group discussions, and practical activities to connect classroom learning with real-life situations.
• Professional Communication: Emphasises effective listening, speaking, writing, non-verbal communication, and interpersonal skills.
• Employability Skills: Promotes résumé writing, interview preparation, teamwork, and presentation skills to enhance career readiness.
• Digital Literacy: Encourages responsible digital communication and the effective use of technology in professional contexts.
• Ethical Communication: Highlights empathy, integrity, respect, and responsible communication in personal and professional relationships.
• Learner-Centred Teaching: Encourages interactive, skill-based teaching that empowers students to communicate confidently and independently.

My Key Learning: Jeevan Kaushal 2.0 reinforces my belief that professional communication is not merely a subject to be taught but an essential life skill to be practised. By implementing NEP 2020's vision through experiential and learner-centred pedagogy, educators can prepare students to become confident communicators, competent professionals, and responsible citizens.

My final reflection: We must not only educate students to succeed in examinations but also empower them to communicate with confidence, lead with integrity, and live with purpose.

— Dr. Jinali Patel
Assistant Professor of English and Communication Skills

 https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/4371304_LifeSKill_JeevanKaushal_2023.pdf

Permission to Dream: Turning Aspirations into Achievements: Book Review

 

Permission to Dream: Turning Aspirations into Achievements

A Book Reflection on Hope, Resilience, Communication, and Student Empowerment

Book: Permission to Dream
Authors: Chris Gardner and Mim Eichler Rivas
Genre: Inspirational Non-fiction / Personal Development

What if the first step towards success is simply giving yourself permission to dream?

In our pursuit of academic excellence and professional success, we often focus on qualifications, marks, placements, and achievements. However, an equally important question deserves our attention: Are we preparing students to dream, believe in themselves, and discover their true potential?

Reading Permission to Dream by Chris Gardner and Mim Eichler Rivas offers an inspiring perspective on personal growth, resilience, and the importance of pursuing meaningful aspirations. The book reminds us that dreams are not merely wishes; they can become powerful sources of motivation when supported by determination, learning, and purposeful action.

Understanding the Book

The book follows Chris Gardner and his nine-year-old granddaughter, Brooke, on a journey to find a dream harmonica. During their journey, Gardner shares experiences and lessons from his life, encouraging Brooke to understand the importance of dreams, choices, relationships, and personal responsibility.

Through their conversations, readers encounter valuable reflections on overcoming obstacles, building confidence, developing professional relationships, and making meaningful decisions.

The book's central message is simple yet powerful: Our circumstances may influence our journey, but they do not have to define our future.

Five Important Lessons I Learned

1. Believe in Your Potential

Self-belief is the foundation of personal growth. Students sometimes hesitate to participate in classroom discussions, deliver presentations, or explore unfamiliar opportunities because they fear making mistakes.

As educators, we must create an environment where students feel encouraged to experiment, learn, and improve. A mistake should not be treated as a permanent limitation but as an opportunity to develop.

2. Resilience Matters More Than Perfection

Success rarely follows a straight path. Challenges, disappointments, and failures are part of the learning process.

The book encourages readers to remain determined even when circumstances become difficult. For students, resilience means learning from examination results, accepting constructive feedback, improving their skills, and continuing to work towards their goals.

3. Communication Skills Open Doors

One of the most relevant lessons for my teaching practice is the importance of communication in personal and professional development.

Academic knowledge alone may not be sufficient to navigate the professional world. Students must also learn to express their ideas clearly, listen actively, collaborate effectively, and build meaningful relationships.

Through presentations, group discussions, interviews, role-plays, and reflective writing, educators can help students develop the confidence to communicate with purpose.

Communication is not merely about speaking fluently; it is about expressing ideas effectively, listening with understanding, and connecting meaningfully with others.

4. Dreams Need Action

Dreaming is the beginning, not the destination. Aspirations become achievable when translated into realistic goals and consistent efforts.

Students can begin by identifying their strengths, setting short-term objectives, developing essential skills, and evaluating their progress. Such practices encourage self-awareness, accountability, and independent learning.

5. Success Includes Character and Relationships

Professional growth involves more than financial achievement or a prestigious designation. Integrity, reputation, collaboration, and the ability to maintain healthy professional relationships also contribute to long-term success.

Students should understand that their attitude, conduct, and willingness to learn are as important as their qualifications.

How Can We Apply These Lessons in the Classroom?

As an Assistant Professor of English and Communication Skills, I believe that the ideas presented in this book can be translated into meaningful classroom practices.

Here are five activities educators can introduce:

1. My Dream, My Roadmap: Ask students to identify a personal or professional aspiration and prepare a step-by-step action plan to achieve it.

2. The Power of My Story: Encourage students to share a personal challenge, a lesson learned, or an experience that changed their perspective. This activity develops confidence, speaking skills, and self-reflection.

3. Communication for Career Success: Organise mock interviews, group discussions, and professional networking activities to help students connect communication skills with workplace expectations.

4. Learning from Failure: Invite students to reflect on a setback and identify the skills or strategies they can develop to improve their future performance.

5. Reflective Learning Journals: Encourage students to record their goals, achievements, challenges, and learning experiences. This practice promotes accountability and continuous improvement.

These activities transform reading into experience and help students connect personal development with academic learning.

Why Is This Book Relevant to Today's Students?

Today's students face academic pressure, career uncertainty, social comparisons, and rapidly changing professional expectations. They need more than subject knowledge; they need confidence, adaptability, emotional resilience, and the ability to make informed decisions.

Permission to Dream offers an opportunity to initiate conversations about these essential life skills.

The book also reinforces an important educational principle: Teaching should not simply prepare students to pass examinations; it should prepare them to navigate life.

When educators encourage students to recognise their potential, communicate effectively, and pursue meaningful goals, education becomes a transformative experience.

My Reflection as an Educator

My key takeaway from this book is that educators have a responsibility to create spaces where students feel empowered to imagine possibilities beyond their immediate circumstances.

Every student has a different background, different abilities, and different aspirations. Some students express their ideas confidently, while others need encouragement to discover their voices. Our role is to guide them without limiting their potential.

I believe that integrating motivational reading with communication-based activities, reflective writing, and career-oriented learning can help students develop both competence and confidence.

The book has strengthened my belief that effective education combines knowledge with character development, practical skills, and the courage to pursue one's aspirations.

Conclusion: Give Yourself Permission to Dream

Permission to Dream reminds us that meaningful change begins when we allow ourselves to imagine a better future and take responsibility for working towards it.

For students, the message is to believe in their abilities, learn from challenges, develop essential skills, and pursue their aspirations with determination.

For educators, it is a reminder to inspire curiosity, nurture confidence, and create opportunities for every learner to grow.

Ultimately, dreams give us direction, resilience keeps us moving, and purposeful action brings us closer to our goals.

Let us encourage our students not merely to ask, "What career can I pursue?" but also, "What kind of person do I want to become, and what meaningful contribution can I make to society?"

Because sometimes, the most important lesson an educator can offer is the courage to believe that a different future is possible.

Jinali’s Learning: Lessons Beyond the Pages

As an educator, reading Permission to Dream has reinforced my belief that education should empower individuals to recognise their potential, embrace challenges, and pursue meaningful aspirations. My key learning is that dreams become achievable when self-belief is supported by consistent effort, resilience, and purposeful action.

The book has encouraged me to reflect on the importance of nurturing not only students' academic abilities but also their confidence, communication skills, and capacity for independent thinking.

My key takeaways are:

• Believe in Possibilities: Never allow present circumstances to define future potential.

• Embrace Challenges: Treat difficulties as opportunities for learning, reflection, and growth.

• Communicate with Confidence: Develop the ability to express ideas clearly, listen actively, and build meaningful relationships.

• Turn Dreams into Goals: Translate aspirations into practical plans supported by consistent action.

• Inspire Through Education: Create learning experiences that encourage students to discover their strengths and explore new possibilities.

• Redefine Success: Value personal growth, integrity, professional development, and meaningful contributions to society.

This reading experience has strengthened my commitment to making communication skills education more purposeful, engaging, and relevant to students' lives and careers.

My final takeaway: As educators, we do more than teach subjects; we help students discover what they can become. Sometimes, giving a student the confidence to dream is the first step towards changing that student's future.

— Dr. Jinali Patel
Assistant Professor of English and Communication Skills

Reflection Question for Readers

What is one dream you have postponed, and what is one practical step you can take today to move closer to it?

Share your thoughts in the comments. Your reflection might inspire someone else to begin their journey.

Suggested Tags:
Book Review | Student Empowerment | Communication Skills | Personal Growth | Resilience | Goal Setting | Teaching and Learning | Beyond the Textbook

 

Active and Passive Voice: Master the Art of Sentence Transformation

Have you ever wondered why we say “The teacher explained the lesson” in one sentence and “The lesson was explained by the teacher” in another? Both sentences convey the same basic message, but their focus is different!

Welcome to the world of Active and Passive Voice, an essential part of English grammar that helps us write clearly, effectively, and confidently.

Let's understand the rules, explore examples, and practise changing active sentences into passive sentences.

1. What Are Active and Passive Voice?

 Active Voice

In active voice, the subject performs the action expressed by the verb.

Example: Geeta writes a letter.

• Subject: Geeta

• Verb: writes

• Object: a letter

The sentence focuses on the person performing the action.

Passive Voice

In passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed by the verb.

Example: A letter is written by Geeta.

• Subject: A letter

• Verb: is written

• Doer of the action: Geeta

The focus shifts from the person performing the action to the object receiving it.

Compare the Two!

Active Voice	Passive Voice
The girl caught the ball.	The ball was caught by the girl.
The president made an announcement.	An announcement was made by the president.
The teacher explains the lesson.	The lesson is explained by the teacher.
The students completed the assignment.	The assignment was completed by the students.

Remember: Active voice highlights who does the action, while passive voice highlights what receives the action.

2. The Golden Formula 

Changing active voice into passive voice becomes easier when you remember these two structures.

Active Voice:

Subject + Verb + Object

Passive Voice:

Object + Appropriate Form of Be + V³ + (by + Subject)

Here, V³ refers to the past participle, such as written, eaten, completed, prepared, or submitted.

Example

Active: Riya prepares breakfast.

Passive: Breakfast is prepared by Riya.

Notice how breakfast, the object of the active sentence, becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

Three Important Steps

1. Move the object of the active sentence to the beginning.

2. Use the appropriate helping verb and the past participle (V³).

3. Add by + doer when necessary.

Grammar Tip: The helping verb depends on the tense and the new subject. For example, we say “The letter is written” but “The letters are written.”

3. Converting Active into Passive Voice: Three Important Present Tenses

Let's explore the rules for the Simple Present, Present Continuous, and Present Perfect tenses.

A. Simple Present Tense

Active Voice Structure:

Subject + V¹ (s/es) + Object

Passive Voice Structure:

Object + am/is/are + V³ + (by + Subject)

Example:

Active: Geeta writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by Geeta.

More Examples:

1. Active: He cleans the room.
   Passive: The room is cleaned by him.

2. Active: They play cricket.
   Passive: Cricket is played by them.

3. Active: The teacher explains the lesson.
   Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

Remember:

• Use is with singular subjects.

• Use are with plural subjects.

• Use am with I.

B. Present Continuous Tense

This tense describes an action that is happening at the moment of speaking.

Active Voice Structure:

Subject + am/is/are + V-ing + Object

Passive Voice Structure:

Object + am/is/are + being + V³ + (by + Subject)

Example:

Active: Geeta is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Geeta.

More Examples:

1. Active: She is cooking dinner.
   Passive: Dinner is being cooked by her.

2. Active: They are painting the wall.
   Passive: The wall is being painted by them.

3. Active: The workers are repairing the road.
   Passive: The road is being repaired by the workers.

Remember: The word being is essential when converting the Present Continuous tense into passive voice.

C. Present Perfect Tense

This tense describes an action that has been completed or has a connection with the present.

Active Voice Structure:

Subject + has/have + V³ + Object

Passive Voice Structure:

Object + has/have + been + V³ + (by + Subject)

Example:

Active: Geeta has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by Geeta.

More Examples:

1. Active: He has completed the work.
   Passive: The work has been completed by him.

2. Active: They have planted trees.
   Passive: Trees have been planted by them.

3. Active: The students have submitted their assignments.
   Passive: The assignments have been submitted by the students.

Remember:

• Use has been with singular subjects.

• Use have been with plural subjects and I/you/we/they.

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The Present Perfect Continuous describes an action that started in the past and continued for some time, possibly up to the present.

Active Voice Structure:

Subject + has/have been + V-ing + Object

Example:

Active: Geeta has been writing a letter for an hour.

In standard English, passive constructions of this tense are grammatically possible in some contexts, but they are uncommon and often awkward. For basic grammar exercises, the passive form is generally avoided.

Remember: Focus on the three commonly taught transformations above when practising present-tense passive voice.

4. When Should You Use Active and Passive Voice?

Both forms are useful, but the best choice depends on your purpose.

Use Active Voice When You Want to:

• Make your writing direct and clear.

• Emphasise the person performing the action.

• Create a lively and engaging tone.

• Avoid unnecessarily long sentences.

Examples:

• The marketing director launched a new campaign.

• The scientist discovered a new protein.

• The police arrested the suspect.

Use Passive Voice When You Want to:

• Emphasise the action or its receiver.

• Avoid mentioning an unknown or unimportant doer.

• Maintain focus on the subject under discussion.

• Use a suitable formal or academic style.

Examples:

• The laptop was stolen last night.

• The deadline has been moved to next Tuesday.

• The book was published last year.

• All tickets must be purchased in advance.

Writing Tip: Passive voice is particularly useful in some scientific reports and formal documents. However, active voice is often clearer when the doer of an action matters.

5. Let's Practise! 

Now it's your turn to become a grammar expert. Complete the following exercises and check how well you understand active and passive voice.

Exercise A: Change Active Voice into Passive Voice

Simple Present Tense

1. Riya prepares breakfast.

2. The teacher explains the lesson.

3. They clean the classroom.

4. He drives the car.

5. The students complete their assignments.

Present Continuous Tense

6. She is reading a novel.

7. The workers are repairing the road.

8. He is washing the clothes.

9. They are decorating the hall.

10. The chef is preparing dinner.

Present Perfect Tense

11. She has finished the project.

12. They have planted many trees.

13. He has written a report.

14. The students have submitted their assignments.

15. The company has launched a new product.

Exercise B: Fill in the Blanks

Complete each passive sentence using the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

1. English __________ in many countries. (speak)

2. The room is __________ by the students. (clean)

3. A new bridge is being __________. (construct)

4. The letters have been __________ by the postman. (deliver)

5. The match is __________ by thousands of people. (watch)

6. The food is being __________ by my mother. (prepare)

7. The project has been __________ by the team. (complete)

8. These products are __________ in India. (manufacture)

Exercise C: Identify the Tense

Identify whether each sentence is in the Simple Present, Present Continuous, or Present Perfect tense.

1. The homework has been completed by Rohan.

2. The windows are being cleaned by the workers.

3. The national anthem is sung by the students.

4. The invitations have been sent by Priya.

5. The garden is being watered by the gardener.

Exercise D: Active or Passive?

Identify whether each sentence is in active or passive voice.

1. The students are preparing a presentation.

2. The presentation is being prepared by the students.

3. My mother has baked a cake.

4. The cake has been baked by my mother.

5. The school organises an annual festival.

6. An annual festival is organised by the school.

6. Answer Key: Check Your Progress! 

Try to solve all the exercises before looking at the answers.

Exercise A: Answers

1. Breakfast is prepared by Riya.

2. The lesson is explained by the teacher.

3. The classroom is cleaned by them.

4. The car is driven by him.

5. Their assignments are completed by the students.

6. A novel is being read by her.

7. The road is being repaired by the workers.

8. The clothes are being washed by him.

9. The hall is being decorated by them.

10. Dinner is being prepared by the chef.

11. The project has been finished by her.

12. Many trees have been planted by them.

13. A report has been written by him.

14. Their assignments have been submitted by the students.

15. A new product has been launched by the company.

Exercise B: Answers

1. is spoken

2. cleaned

3. constructed

4. delivered

5. watched

6. prepared

7. completed

8. manufactured

Exercise C: Answers

1. Present Perfect

2. Present Continuous

3. Simple Present

4. Present Perfect

5. Present Continuous

Exercise D: Answers

1. Active

2. Passive

3. Active

4. Passive

5. Active

6. Passive

7. Final Takeaway 

Active and passive voice are not merely grammar rules to memorise; they are tools that help you control the focus of your writing.

Keep these three formulas in mind:

• Simple Present: am/is/are + V³

• Present Continuous: am/is/are + being + V³

• Present Perfect: has/have + been + V³

With regular practice, sentence transformation becomes easier and more natural.

Your challenge: Choose five sentences from your daily life, write them in active voice, and transform them into passive voice wherever possible.

Remember, the goal is not simply to change sentences but to understand when, why, and how to use each voice effectively.

Learn the rules. Practise the patterns. Make English work for you!

Self Check : https://notebooklm.link.google/MeE0UXrLi8AD

Happy Learning!

Beyond the Textbook | Learn English with Dr. Jinali Patel

SVA Gamification Activity: Grammar Challenge

 

SVA Gamification Activity: Grammar Challenge

Ready to become a Grammar Detective? 

Our Subject–Verb Agreement (SVA) gamification activity is now live on Wayground!

Join the Challenge:https://wayground.com/join?gc=48701389

new code

https://wayground.com/join?gc=60020269

second link 

https://wayground.com/join?gc=59870765

Third Copy 

https://wayground.com/join?gc=01691181

Read the SVA rules, spot the grammar traps, and complete the challenge to earn points and show your Grammar Power! 

Remember:
🎯 Read carefully
🔍 Find the subject
⚡ Choose the correct verb
🏆 Earn your points!

Get ready. The Grammar Challenge begins tomorrow!